[135][136], In late December 2019, fires started on both sides of the Pacific Highway around the Coopernook region. This caused panels of art to fracture and fall off the huge boulders that contain the galleries of art. That day the air quality in the capital was the worst of any city in the world, at around 23 times the threshold to be considered hazardous. See the report for further information on the incident. [221], On 20 December fires took hold in the Adelaide Hills, and near Cudlee Creek in the Mount Lofty Ranges. Lightning sparks fire in the Sterling Ranges, WA, tearing through more than 40,000 of parkland. [355] The Canadian government also sent a CC-17 plane of the Royal Canadian Air Force with 15 personnel on 27 January to further aid with transport and provide airlift support. The fire also crossed the Princes Highway in the vicinity of Round Hill and impacted the residential suburbs of Catalina, as well as beach suburbs from Sunshine Bay to Broulee. [citation needed] An evacuation warning was issued for the East Gippsland town of Goongerah, which is surrounded by high-value old growth forests, as well as Cudgewa. [436][437][401] Accompanying this was a claim that environmental groups were responsible for the crisis by inhibiting prescribed burning, despite environmental groups holding negligible political power. A strong north wind was driving a ring of fires that were already burning, and new fires broke out towards Melbourne. [461], RMIT's FactCheck found no evidence to support the claims of arson being a major factor in the bushfires. [401] Experts have also cast skepticism on the effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments, citing research that suggests that prescribed burning does little to stop bushfire and save property in south east Australia, with climate and weather conditions having primary influence. The ten-point plan for the next ten years foresees to grow 1.56billion new trees and save 780million trees. The length and intensity of the bushfire season and the scale of the fires challenged the NSW Rural Fire Service (RFS) and other NSW agencies like never before. As Aboriginal people were driven off their land, their regime of low-intensity fire management went with them, and bushfires became more prevalent. (Ranked according to number of fatalities) 1. In mid-January, a multi-agency roads access taskforce consisting of fire agencies, ADF and Department of Transport representatives was established to coordinate efforts to reopen roads to isolated communities and enable power and telecommunications to be restored. In southern Australia, hot, dry summers and bush dominated by oil-bearing eucalypts create an ongoing bushfire hazard. [259][260][261] The fire destroyed one facility, four outbuildings, and three vehicles. As the remaining fires are brought under control, the focus now turns to how to support recovery efforts in affected communities. 2019-2020 Black Summer bushfires Australia's Black Summer was unprecedented in scale and harm. A spot fire jumped into Ericsson Lane, threatening businesses. [401][402][403][404] Nonetheless, the political nature of many of the crisis and its associated issues has also resulted in the circulation of large amounts of disinformation regarding the causes of the fire activity, to the neglect of credible scientific research, expert opinion, and previous government inquiries. On 3 January, fourteen emergency warnings were issued in fire-affected areas and nearly 2,000 people were evacuated from Mallacoota by air and sea, part of the largest-ever maritime evacuation of Australian citizens following a natural disaster. The fire continued to flare up sporadically, coming out of the dense bush and threatening properties in Oakdale and Buxton on 14 and 15 December. [519] Footballer Mathew Ryan, goalkeeper for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion and the Australia national team announced he'll donate $500 for every registered save by an English Premier League goalkeeper on the weekend of 1112 January 2020. Activities the ADF has undertaken as part of the Operation have included Air Force aircraft transporting firefighters and their equipment interstate, Army and Navy helicopters transporting firefighters, conducting night fire mapping, impact assessments and search and rescue flights, use of various defence facilities as coordination and information centres and for catering and accommodation for firefighters, liaison between state and federal government services, reloading and refuelling for waterbombing aircraft, deployment of personnel to assess fire damage and severity, and provision of humanitarian supplies. [321] On 29 December 2019, it announced that volunteer firefighters who have been called out for more than 10 days would be able to receive financial compensation. [356], The government of Fiji deployed the Fiji Military Forces humanitarian assistance and disaster relief platoon and engineers to assist in the bush fire rehabilitation. The first bushfires in the colony were reported in 1797. . By evening almost 400 individual fires were burning and Victoria Police had announced the first fatalities. "[438][444] In the lead up to another Federal inquiry into state land management, Professor of Bushfire Behaviour and Management Trent Penman added "If there was a silver bullet on bushfires we'd have found it by now, after the 51 [bushfire] inquiries since 1939," and that "blindly putting money into prescribed burning won't stop the problem". Forty-one firefighters from the United States arrived to support firefighting operations, and a FFMV firefighter died in a two-vehicle collision. Over many millennia, these controlled burns have altered the continents environment, favouring the survival and spread of fire-resistant plant species and creating open grassy woodlands. We will continue to update this timeline as events unfold. Evacuations were carried out by the Australian Defence Force (ADF) supported by international defence partners and other agencies. The Greens' policy supports hazard reduction, and did so at the time. Queensland's chief health officer, Dr Jeannette Young, urged residents to stay indoors and to not physically exert themselves. Victoria's Premier announces that bushfires had burnt through 1.2 million ha and 200 homes have been lost. [121], Smaller fires in the area include the Myall Creek Road fire. [497][498] A number of organisations raised objections to the commission of inquiry, citing cost, length and the emotionally exhausting process;[499] and that previous inquiries had failed to implement many of their recommendations. [367] A specialist six person animal disaster response team were deployed by non-profit Animal Evac New Zealand[368] on 8 January to New South Wales,[369] assisting with wildlife rescue and supported by SAFE. [487][488], Soon after, Morrison released a video on behalf of the Liberal Party regarding deployment of military assets to respond to the bushfire crisis, for which he was widely criticised. In an attempt to protect the Blue Mountains from the Gospers Mountain bushfire, firefighters commenced a large backburn on 14 December in the Mount Wilson and Mount Irvine areas. [404], Conversely, scientific experts have asserted the influence of climate change, drought, prolonged fire weather, and contextualised the limited role of prescribed burning and arson in influencing the crisis. SA Power Networks disconnected power to the town. [228], On Kangaroo Island starting in the Flinders Chase National Park, the Ravine bushfire burnt in excess of 15,000 hectares (37,000 acres) and a bushfire emergency warning was issued on 3 January 2020 as the fire advanced towards Vivonne Bay and the town of Parndana was evacuated. Melbourne endured three days above 43 degrees and the temperature peaked on 30 January 2009 at 45.1 degrees, one of the hottest days ever recorded in the city. This collection commemorates the ten year anniversary of this event, bringing together a range of information, research and recovery resources. "[492] The Australian Defence Association, a public-interest watchdog dealing with defence issues, said the video was "milking ADF support to civil agencies fighting bushfires" and was a "clear breach of the (reciprocal) non-partisanship convention applying to both the ADF & Ministers/MPs. [151] On New Year's Eve there were fears of this fire impacting the towns of Mittagong, Braemar, and surrounding areas. [60] The Illawarra and Greater Hunter areas also experienced catastrophic fire dangers, and so did other parts of the state, including the already fire ravaged parts of northern New South Wales. [223] The fires killed one person,[224] more than 70 houses were destroyed, as well as over 400 outbuildings and 200 cars. The fire had burnt more than 60,000 hectares (150,000 acres) and was out of control. As Australia became more urbanised, the fringes of cities encroached farther into the bush and it is here in the frontier zone between bush and city that bushfires do much of their damage. [457][458] An opinion piece for The Conversation website stated "In the first week of 2020, hashtag #ArsonEmergency became the focal point of a new online narrative surrounding the bushfire crisis. From 1788 those fire practices began to change. There were concerns for the future of threatened wildlife, such as glossy black cockatoos, Kangaroo Island dunnarts, and koalas. [277], In mid-December 2019, a NASA analysis revealed that since 1 August, the New South Wales and Queensland bushfires had emitted 250million tonnes (280million short tons) of carbon dioxide (CO2). [538], Irish YouTuber Jacksepticeye raised over $200,000 on 26 January through a charity live stream.[539]. This figure is a guide only. [89], On 7 February 2020, it was reported that torrential rain across most of south-east Australia had extinguished a third of extant fires;[90] with only a small number of uncontrolled fires remaining by 10 February. Emergency warnings were issued at Lulworth, Bothwell, and Lachlan. By the time they were done the Black Summer bushfires had ripped through 24 to 40 million hectares of bushland across multiple states and territories nearly double the area of any previous major bushfire in a fire season. [56][484] In an interview with Andrew Constance, NSW Liberal MP for Bega, Constance described the incident stating "the locals probably gave him the welcome he probably deserved". One firefighter was killed with multiple others injured, with one airlifted to Melbourne and two to Sydney. The German search engine Ecosia gave approximately 19200 to Reforest New. But what causes these bushfires and why has this bushfire season been so significant? Several members of the governing Liberal Party were criticised internationally for climate change denial, with backbencher Craig Kelly called "disgraceful" during an interview with the hosts of Good Morning Britain for denying any link between climate change and the fires,[429] and the Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation receiving "angry" feedback from listeners after airing an interview in which former Liberal prime minister Tony Abbott said the world was "in the grip of a climate cult. The Australian Defence Force was mobilised to provide air support to the firefighting effort and to provide manpower and logistical support. [302], Due to the extremely dry conditions, some remnant areas of rainforest thatunlike most Australian vegetationhave not evolved and adapted to fire, were burnt in 20192020. The fire destroyed numerous houses and buildings in this area, and then jumped the Bells Line of Road into the Grose Valley.[139]. ANYSO was part of Australia's extreme Black Summer 3, which featured many catastrophic bushfires that burned a record 7.4 million hectares of land 4, an area slightly smaller than the Czech . The estimate was based on a 2007 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) report on impacts of land clearing on Australian wildlife in New South Wales that provided estimates of mammal, bird and reptile population density in the region. Due to the unusually dry conditions, fire behaviour was more erratic and less predictable than in previous experience, often meaning that well-tested firefighting techniques were not always as effective as in the past. The researchers estimate it will take 20 years for Australia's East Coast ecosystems to make a full recovery from the bushfires, a timeline that would . [435], Conservative politicians and media primarily blamed a lack of prescribed burning and fire break management, although such assertion has subsequently been heavily criticised and disproven by scientific experts. As of 28October2020[update], the fires burnt an estimated 24.3million hectares (60million acres; 243,000 square kilometres; 94,000 square miles),[18] destroyed over 3,000 buildings (including 2,779 homes)[19] and killed at least 34 people. One home was lost. [440] Despite evidence to suggest that fuel loads played a minimal role in the 201920 Australian fires, there are calls to open up Australian protected lands to industry, particularly logging and grazing, to reduce fire fuel, with these calls having so far mainly stemmed from individuals and businesses with interests in such industries, and have resulted in the circulation of large amounts of disinformation.[440][445][446]. [202], On 23 January 2020, there were still 12 fires burning in Victoria, the strongest in East Gippsland and the north-east. It came as increased requests for cash driven donations leveraging crowdfunding platforms like GoFundMe, or as a result of false links posted on Twitter. Water bombing helicopter crashes while fighting the blazes in Pechey, QLD. [140] As of 27 December, the Gospers Mountain fire had burnt over 500,000 hectares (1,200,000 acres);[141] and, after burning approximately 512,000 hectares (1,270,000 acres) across the Lithgow, Hawkesbury and Central Coast local government areas, the NSW Rural Fire Service reported the fire as contained on 12 January 2020, stating that the fire was caused by a lightning strike on 26 October. The smoke plume from the 2019-2020 fires circled the mid-latitude regions of the southern hemisphere at least twice. The series is produced by The Asylum, the same production company behind Z Nation, and is written and directed primarily by Hyams, with Abram Cox writing and directing additional . This website contains names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Substantial property losses occurred across these areas, in particular multiple fire trucks were overrun by fire, with several firefighters taken to hospital and two airlifted in critical condition. Elsewhere, several national parks and state forests were also closed, before lightning ignited a series of fires in East Gippsland, initially endangering the communities of Buchan, Buchan South and Sunny Point. Water bombers dropped water on the facility to protect it. . There has been considerable debate regarding the underlying cause of the intensity and scale of the fires, including the role of fire management practices and climate change, which during the peak of the crisis attracted significant international attention,[54] despite previous Australian fires burning much larger areas (197475) or killing more people (200809). From then, the government sought to limit Aboriginal and settler use of fire as an agricultural tool. At the time these sums were the largest class action settlements in Australian history. The Badja Forest Road fire destroyed 418 homes, of which 289 were lost in the Bega Valley alone. Between 3.30pm and 7pm the fire entered Kinglake National Park toward Strathewen, St Andrews, Kinglake, Kinglake West, Chum Creek, Steels Creek, Arthurs Creek, Flowerdale, Broadford, Healesville and Toolangi. Despite this, approximately 6.8million hectares (17million acres) was burnt, an area which contributed significantly to the total area burnt by bushfires in the nation. Two mega-blazes were recorded in NSW. On 31 December 2019, a grass fire broke out in the sloped woodlands of Prospect Hill, in Western Sydney, where it headed north towards Pemulwuy along the Prospect Highway. Starting from late July early August 2019, fires heavily impacted various regions of the state of New South Wales, such as the North Coast, Mid North Coast, the Hunter Region, the Hawkesbury and the Wollondilly in Sydney's far west, the Blue Mountains, Illawarra and the South Coast, Riverina and Snowy Mountains with more than 100 fires burnt across the state. Peter Clack, Firestorm: Trial by Fire, John Wiley and Sons, Milton, Queensland, 2003. Three American firefighters die after their Lockheed C-130 Hercules plane crashed while battling bushfires in southern NSW. Bushfires - Black Summer Quick Statistics 26 Fatalities $1.88 Billion Insurance Costs 2448 Homes Destroyed The 2019-20 bushfire season was the worst New South Wales (NSW) has recorded. The Black Summer fires ravaged the Australian landscape, in NSW alone 5.4 million hectares burned sending recording . Frequent burning reduced the fuel load of dead leaves, branches and grass, and lessened each fires intensity. The Australian 2019/2020 Black Summer Bushfires: Analysis of the Pathology, Treatment Strategies and Decision Making About Burnt Livestock Brendan D. Cowled 1,2*, Melanie Bannister-Tyrrell 1, Mark Doyle 3, Henry Clutterbuck 3, Jeff Cave 4, Alison Hillman 1, Karren Plain 2, Caitlin Pfeiffer 5, Michael Laurence 6 and Michael P. Ward 2 [285] On 5 January 2020, more smoke wafted over the North Island, turning the sky in Auckland orange. The 2019-20 bushfire season was the worst on record for New South Wales in terms of its intensity, the area burned, and the number of properties lost. Fires remained burning out of control, with firefighters working to contain and control fires before potentially hot windy weather scheduled for later in the week. [403][404] The NSW Rural Fire Service referred numerous individuals to the NSW Police; 24 people were charged with arson, allegedly starting bushfires. They also charged two youths with arson in connection with the Bendigo blaze. [168], As of 5January2020[update], in the Bega Valley Shire, the Border fire that started in north-eastern Victoria was burning north into New South Wales towards the major town of Eden, and had impacted the settlements of Wonboyn and surrounding areas including Kiah, Lower Towamba and parts of Boydtown. Philanthropists, corporate organisations, celebrities, and sportspeople donated to various fundraising appeals for bushfire victims and firefighters; estimated to total A$500million as of 19 January 2020. Additional local firefighting resources were also used from agencies such as Air Services Australia and Sydney Trains. Warne's cap was purchased by the Commonwealth Bank[h] with a bid of A$1,007,500;[534] and Russell Crowe's Rabbitohs cap was auctioned with a winning bid in excess of A$500,000. On 10 December 2019 the fire impacted the south-western Sydney suburbs of Nattai and Oakdale, followed by Orangeville and Werombi, threatening hundreds of houses and resulting in the destruction of one building. The seeds of many native species require smoke or intense heat to germinate. The fire was believed to have started from a sparking electrical transformer. Convoys of donated food, clothing and livestock feed were sent to affected areas. The fire was ultimately brought under control several hours later, with one firefighter injured suffering a broken arm. The report cited a study by Queensland University of Technology senior lecturer on social network analysis Dr Timothy Graham, who examined content published on the #arsonemergency hashtag on Twitter. On 19 December 2019 the Gospers Mountain fire impacted on the Darling Causeway between Mount Victoria and Bell, it later jumped the Darling Causeway and impacted the Grose Valley and the fire would be split into two fires: Grose Valley fire and Gospers Mountain fire. This edition of the Bulletin is devoted to the unprecedented and devastating 2019/20 fire season. [403] The official NSW Bushfires Inquiry (with advice from the New South Wales Rural Fire Service) concluded "Lightning, often in remote areas, started most of the bush fires that became very large, damaging and hard to suppress."[405]. Fire damaged 500-year-old rock art at Anaiwan in northern New South Wales, with the intense and rapid temperature change of the fires cracking the granite rock. At its largest extent, the warning area overlapped with areas that a few days earlier had been in warnings for the Cudlee Creek fire. 14 January 2020 With fires raging across NSW and temperatures reaching 49C Premier declares a state of emergency. Australia's Black Summer of 2019-2020 was characterised by catastrophic bushfires. The fire led to a service station exploding. [227], Another emergency warning was issued on 3 January for a fire near Kersbrook. Ten years ago, Australia experienced its worst-ever bushfire disaster when 173 people died across the state of Victoria . Multiple states of emergency were declared across New South Wales,[38][39][40] Victoria,[41] and the Australian Capital Territory. [462], Incorrect reports were disseminated that the New South Wales Government, led by Premier Gladys Berejiklian, had cut funding to fire services. At Koala Clancy Foundation, like many Australians, we felt . As of 6December2019[update], this fire burnt nearly 400,000 hectares (988,422 acres),[126][127][128] destroying numerous homes and claiming the lives of three people. [203], On 30 and 31 January 2020, very hot weather occurred in Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia that brought high fire danger with several uncontrolled bushfires still burning. A back burn on 28 October got away from New South Wales Rural Fire Service (NSWRFS) volunteers after a sudden wind change pushing the fire south towards Lake Cathie and west over Lake Innes. Over 130,000 hectares (320,000 acres) was burnt and the fire was out of control. At nearby Conjola Park, numerous homes were lost as the embers jumped across Conjola Lake, landing in gutters and lighting up houses. [544][545], In January 2020 a parliamentary inquiry into the NSW government's council grants scandal was expanded to scrutinise allegations of pork barrelling after it was revealed only $2.5 million of the $177 million first round relief fund was allocated to NSW Labor held seats. [542][543] It prompted some organisations to provide a list of approved and vetted charities online to reduce fraud. During, and immediately after the fire season, misinformation and false reports circulated on various commercial media outlets and social media,[447] including claims about the extent of the fires, its precedents and causes, and matters like funding of fire fighting services. The Great Alpine Road was closed between Ensay and Bruthen and by next morning, the fire had caused power and mobile phone outages north of Ensay and from Bruthen to Omeo. [67] Twenty-six people were confirmed to have been killed in New South Wales since October. [238] By 16 December, the fire was considered contained and the alert downgraded to watch and act. Video of some of the burnt forest in East Gippsland, Victoria. During the 2019-2020 season, known as Black Summer, 24 million hectares of land was burnt, 3000 homes destroyed and three billion animals were killed or displaced. [476][477] The governing Liberal and National parties, accompanied by numerous news outlets associated with climate change denial, firmly deflected responsibility away from the record-breaking drought affecting the country and its associated links to climate change observations and projections. On the same days both the Gospers Mountain fire and the Grose Valley fire moved towards Kurrajong. The 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria caused widespread devastation and the greatest loss of life from fire since colonisation. Under strong winds and extreme heat the fire spread rapidly, growing out of control and impacting the suburban interface across South Turramurra. [130][131], At Dingo Tops National Park a small fire that started in the vicinity of Rumba Dump Fire Trail burned down the ranges and impacted the small communities of Caparra and Bobin. [56][57] An estimated A$500million was donated by the public at large, international organisations, public figures and celebrities for victim relief and wildlife recovery. [520][530] The Down to Earth benefit concert raised over A$1 million and featured performances from Angus & Julia Stone, Tash Sultana, Gang Of Youths, and others. ", "NSW fire union budget claim not clear cut", "Cuts to national parks raising bushfire risk", "National parks funding decreases amid growing threats to the environment, former ranger warns", "Under siege: our commitment to Australia's national parks is waning", "National Parks left to burn after jobs and funding cuts (letters to the editor)", "Green ideology, not climate change, makes bushfires worse Green ideology, not climate change, makes bushfires worse", "Bushfires, Hazard Reduction and Back Burning", "The burning truth about the Greens' bushfire risk policy", "Disinformation and lies are spreading faster than Australia's bushfires", "As Fires Rage, Australia Pushes to Emit More Carbon", "Environment now trumps economy on Australian list of biggest worries", "PM Scott Morrison Sorry for Hawaii Holiday During Crisis", "Emergency Services Minister heads off on European holiday as bushfire crisis continues", "Missing in action Prime Minister shows poor leadership (letters to the editor)", "Bushfires: 'Double standards' call on Qld Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk's leave", "Prime Minister Scott Morrison has been met with hostility and criticism while visiting bushfire victims", "Bushfire crisis 'not about one individual', says PM after angry criticism", "The Firefighter Whose Denunciation of Australia's Prime Minister Made Him a Folk Hero", "Scott Morrison's political ad is a bizarre act of self-love as firefighters battle to save Australia", "Scott Morrison criticised for running 'absolutely obscene' political ads during bushfires", "Scott Morrison slammed after tweeting 50-second ad spruiking new bushfire measures", "NSW fires: RFS Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons heard of ADF deployment from media, not Scott Morrison", "Jeremy Clarkson says God didn't want people to live in Australia", "Scott Morrison moves to set up royal commission into 'Black Summer' bushfires", "Scott Morrison flags bushfires royal commission and says Coalition could bolster emissions reduction", "Official request for bushfire royal commission goes to states", "Royal commission into bushfire crisis to examine climate change, harmonised approach to hazard reduction", "We have already had countless bushfire inquiries. 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